Kuponyedwa kwachitsulo chotuwira kumaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zitatu" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani oponyera: chitsulo chabwino, mchenga wabwino, ndi ndondomeko yabwino. Njira yoponyera ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zitatu, kuphatikiza mtundu wachitsulo ndi mtundu wa mchenga, zomwe zimatsimikizira mtundu wa castings. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga nkhungu kuchokera ku chitsanzo mumchenga, ndikutsanulira chitsulo chosungunuka mu nkhungu kuti apange kuponyera.
Njira yoponya imaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:
1. beseni lothira: Apa ndi pamene chitsulo chosungunula chimalowera mu nkhungu. Kuonetsetsa kusasinthasintha kwa kutsanulira ndikuchotsa zonyansa zilizonse kuchokera kuchitsulo chosungunula, nthawi zambiri pamakhala beseni la slag kumapeto kwa beseni lothira. Pansi pa beseni lothira pali sprue.
2. Wothamanga: Iyi ndi mbali yopingasa ya chitsulo chosungunula chomwe chimayenda kuchokera ku sprue kupita ku nkhungu.
3. Chipata: Apa ndi pamene chitsulo chosungunula chimalowa mu nkhungu kuchokera kwa wothamanga. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chipata" poponya. 4. Mpweya: Awa ndi mabowo a nkhungu amene amalola mpweya kutuluka pamene chitsulo chosungunuka chikudzaza munkhungu. Ngati nkhungu yamchenga ili ndi mwayi wolowera bwino, polowera mpweya nthawi zambiri amakhala wosafunikira.
5. Riser: Iyi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsera kuponya pamene kumazizira komanso kucheperachepera. Risers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti kuponyera kulibe voids kapena shrinkage cavities.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kuziganizira popanga ndi:
1. Mayendedwe a nkhungu: Malo opangidwa ndi makina oponyera amayenera kukhala pansi pa nkhungu kuti achepetse chiwerengero cha shrinkage cavities mu mankhwala omaliza.
2. Njira yothira: Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zothirira - kuthira pamwamba, pomwe chitsulo chosungunuka chimathiridwa kuchokera pamwamba pa nkhungu, ndi kutsanulira pansi, pomwe nkhungu imadzazidwa kuchokera pansi kapena pakati.
3. Kaimidwe ka chipata: Popeza chitsulo chosungunula chimalimba msanga, m'pofunika kuika chipata pamalo abwino oti chitseko chiziyenda bwino m'mbali zonse za nkhungu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'magawo amipanda amipanda yakuda. Chiwerengero ndi mawonekedwe a zipata ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
4. Mtundu wa chipata: Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zipata - triangular ndi trapezoidal. Zipata za katatu ndizosavuta kupanga, pamene zipata za trapezoidal zimalepheretsa slag kulowa mu nkhungu.
5. Malo achibale ophatikizika a sprue, wothamanga, ndi chipata: Malinga ndi Dr. R. Lehmann, malo opingasa a sprue, othamanga, ndi chipata akuyenera kukhala mu chiŵerengero cha A:B:C=1:2. :4. Chiŵerengerochi chapangidwa kuti chilole chitsulo chosungunula kuti chiziyenda bwino kupyolera mu dongosolo popanda kutchera slag kapena zonyansa zina mu kuponyera.
Mapangidwe a makina oponyera nawonso ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pansi pa sprue ndi kumapeto kwa wothamanga zonse ziyenera kukhala zozungulira kuchepetsa chipwirikiti pamene chitsulo chosungunula chatsanuliridwa mu nkhungu. Nthawi yothira ndiyofunikanso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-14-2023